First Aid Articles » Gestational Diabetes

There are millions of people around the world today who are suffering from diabetes. Whether they have type 1, type 2, or even pregnant women who have gestational diabetes, they all need to be taking their condition very seriously and realizing just how major this is. That is the biggest problem of all, is that most diabetics do not realize just how serious their condition is and take it too lightly when they certainly should not be.

So you have diabetes and you know that you have to follow a diabetic diet, but maybe you have also heard of the term diabetes mellitus pathophysiology and are wondering what it is supposed to mean to you. Well in this case, there are a few details that you should be aware of here, and which are going to help you to understand diabetes mellitus pathophysiology and what it should mean to you.

The Details Of Diabetes Mellitus Pathophysiology

The basic purpose behind diabetes mellitus pathophysiology is that doctors are trying to work and do research in order to find out what it is that causes diabetes and what they can do to prevent it before it even begins. They are trying to do new discoveries to deal with diabetes as the ideas and methods that are used at present is not very effective~Although there are ideas and methods that are in use now but they are not very accurate so researches are being done in this field~The ideas and methods which are being used today are no very efficient so they are trying to find out new informations related to this~They are trying to do new discoveries to deal with diabetes as the ideas and methods that are used at present is not very effective}.

There are a number of different organizations and research studies that are going on now and which revolve around the matter of diabetes mellitus pathophysiology, and so whether you are diabetes sufferer yourself or you just have a loved one that is and you know firsthand just how difficult this disease can be to live with, then you are going to want to stay up to date on this sort of information and make sure that you are aware of what is going on here.

Diabetes mellitus pathophysiology is necessary if we want to move ahead here and make sure that we are going to be making improvements in the research field of diabetes, and hopefully preventing this disease from developing to millions more people in the years to come. Diabetes is never an easy disease to live with and without treatment it can cause death.

One must be updated with the information related to the research of diabetes.

Post from: CPR First Aid

Information About Diabetes Mellitus Pathophysiology

Nutrient Necessities Of A Gestational Diabetes Diet

firstaidama — Mon, 12 Oct 2009 01:15:56 +0000

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Diabetes is an alarming health condition problem for the society mainly because this concern still does not have a effective and reliable treatment solution making its effect lifelong persistent. Due to which, it is highly necessary to establish specialized treatment approach for this health condition for control interest and healthy maintenance concern giving benefits to the condition and well-being of the person involved. As a diabetic person struggles to completely process sugar the common approach towards controlling the condition is to limit or even avoid foods with a high sugar content. As such, it is highly significant to monitor its intake. However, there exist also other types of diabetes with distinctive nature and characteristics.

Nature of Gestational Diabetes

One particular type of diabetes common in the society is the gestational diabetes which occurs to women during their pregnancy period. In medical perspective, this condition is mainly characterized by the presence of high level of glucose content in the blood during the period of pregnancy starting from the first trimester period and which can even last until post birth period. This type of diabetes is mainly due to the increased hormonal production inside the body which hinders the normative physiological function of insulin of breaking down sugar compounds. In this condition, the increase of certain hormones inside the placenta interferes with the insulin function of managing blood sugar content thus, causing certain resistance effect. To overcome this condition, it is important to consider a special diabetic diet plan for pregnant women namely the gestational diabetes diet.

Food Program during Pregnancy

Because the pregnancy period is an important for the concern of the women and the child involved, it is important to address the gestational diabetes problem through developing a specialized diet regime approach towards controlling the said situation. This can be done by following a gestational diabetes diet which is a specialized diet that controls the intake of carbohydrates while also addressing the nutritional needs of the woman.

In the gestational diabetes diet, food consumption is not limited to ensure that the required nutrients necessary for healthy pregnancy is still achieved however, frequency and amount of intake is monitored especially the carbohydrate content. It is recommended in this approach to have frequent small meals rather than three main courses to give the body time to convert the carbohydrate content in each into usable glucose component. Also, this approach prevents vomiting and morning sickness for pregnant women. This approach is also enhanced through prioritizing protein, vegetable, fruit juice, and fiber-rich food consumption which are beneficial for the nutrition requirement of the pregnancy condition.

Indeed, through the approach of gestational diabetes diet, one can control the detrimental nature of the condition without negating the critical necessities involved for a healthy pregnancy period as such maintaining the desirable condition for both the mother and child involved.

Post from: CPR First Aid

Nutrient Necessities Of A Gestational Diabetes Diet

Gestational Diabetes: What It Means To You

firstaidama — Tue, 29 Sep 2009 01:38:37 +0000

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When your doctor tells you that have gestational diabetes, what exactly does that suggest to you? What do you have to do differently as it concerns your habits? What are the outward signs, and what is the worst that could happen when you don't do a thing at all to deal with it? Why did she even bother to test for the condition?

Gestational diabetes is a medical concern that can crop up during pregnancy. It means that your blood sugar is raised. It normally takes place sometime in the second half of gestation, and it can happen to almost 15 percent of females who are expecting.

Lots of women have an increased likelihood of undergoing this issue during gestation than others. This comprises women who had it the last time they were expecting a baby, are very obese, have a family history of the health condition, have had a stillborn, or have earlier had a child that weighed a minimum of 10 pounds. Nevertheless, there are women who could go through the health concern who don't have any of these circumstances.

The symptoms of gestational diabetes may be impossible to decipher. A number of women could have some of the same signs as gestational diabetes, however do not actually have the medical condition. That is because they're so similar to lots of the side effects of being pregnant, such as vomiting, nausea, more frequent urination, and excessive weariness. Further symptoms are being more thirsty, undergoing yeast or bladder infections, and fuzzy vision. A number of females do not have any symptoms at all even when they have the medical condition, which is how come it is so critical for all women to be checked for the health concern throughout the first part of their gestation.

If you undergo this illness and do not get proper diabetes treatment, it may cause potential harm to both yourself and the fetus. The unborn baby has an increased risk of either being too small or too large for its phase of development. If it is too big, you might have an increased probability of needing intervention throughout delivery. This might comprise requiring a forceps delivery or cesarean section. There is also an elevated prospect of a problem known as shoulder dystocia during a normal delivery. Babies delivered to women who have this problem are more liable to experience low blood sugar, jaundice, or further problems that arise. On top of that, these little ones are less inclined to be entirely mature at birth, making them more inclined to respiratory distress syndrome as a result of immature lungs.

Pregnant women who go through gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of acquiring the type 2 form of the disease at some point in their lives. The risk is even higher for the ones who require insulin shots. As well, the offspring of these mothers are more likely to be overweight, and are more in danger of undergoing type 2 diabetes. And they're more inclined to a health problem called glucose intolerance.

Post from: CPR First Aid

Gestational Diabetes: What It Means To You

Learning About Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

firstaidama — Sun, 27 Sep 2009 06:04:49 +0000

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Learning about diabetes mellitus pathophysiology is very important, with the main focus being to determine what the causes are and what we can do in the future to prevent more people from developing diabetes. However, in the meantime we also have to focus on treating people who are already suffering from diabetes, whether that is type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or even the gestational diabetes mellitus.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

The gestational diabetes mellitus is very different from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Gestational diabetes mellitus can only develop in pregnant women , during their second and third trimester.

Among all types of diabetes this is a very serious one as this affects two lives at a time. Therefore it is very important, if it is found that any woman has developed gestational diabetes mellitus, that they are working closely with their doctor to ensure that they managing the condition properly and that both mother and baby are going to be safe and healthy.

The main problem with gestational diabetes is that the same treatment as for type 1 and type 2 is not a possibility in most cases, because doctors do not like to use medications and treatments of the like when a woman is pregnant. Because of this, the woman is going to have to be extremely careful as to what she is eating and how often she is exercising.

It is necessary to be concerned with gestational diabetes mellitus even after the birth of baby so that the lady and the baby remain healthy. Women are encouraged to breastfeed and follow a healthy lifestyle, however doctors do not recommend that you exercise vigorously until about eight weeks after giving birth.

Diabetes is always a very challenging condition to deal with, but more than anything with gestational diabetes because now the baby’s life is in danger as well. A pregnant woman must consult her doctor if she is showing the symptoms of the condition.

At least the good news is that in most cases, the diabetes goes away on its own once the baby is born, so long as the mother is taking the necessary steps towards keeping herself healthy, and this means eating a healthy, nutritious diet and keeping their blood sugar levels normal.

Post from: CPR First Aid

Learning About Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Follow A Good Gestational Diabetes Menu For Breakfast, Lunch And Dinner

firstaidama — Wed, 09 Sep 2009 06:11:09 +0000

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One must know the importance of suitable gestational diabetes diet menu because it helps a pregnant mother to overcome her diabetes problem. Keep in mind however that a gestational diabetes menu that works for one woman might not work in the case of another and so it is a good idea that you get your doctor to recommend an appropriate gestational diabetes menu for your particular body weight, type and which must also suit your condition the best.

Gestational Diabetes Menu: Plan Your Daily Food Intake

Typically, you will need to create or be recommended a suitable gestational diabetes menu for breakfast, mid-day and for dinner. Taking each such menu separately you will be able to plan out your day’s intake in a better planned manner which should ensure less suffering on account of being down with gestational diabetes.

A sample gestational diabetes menu for breakfast could include a single hardboiled egg along with a slice of whole wheat bread. In addition, you can eat a teaspoon of canola based margarine that contains no trans-fats and in addition, you can also safely consume a third of a pound of grapes followed with at most twelve ounces of fat-free skim milk. All this should enable you to control your diet and it would mean that you would end up eating just eleven grams of fat, consume approximately four hundred calories as too twenty-two grams of protein.

For snacks during the mid-morning your gestational diabetes menu should consist of a slice of whole wheat bread and one tablespoon of peanut butter, a similar amount of reduced-sugar jam or jelly and just eight ounces of fat-free skim milk.

For lunch, your gestational diabetes menu should look like this: one large whole wheat pita along with half a cup of cooked black beans and similar amount of fresh and chopped tomato as well as an ounce of low-fat cheddar cheese plus one tablespoon of salsa and two tablespoons of olive oil.

For dinner, your gestational diabetes menu could include three ounces chicken breast, four ounces of pineapple, one tablespoon sesame seeds and the same amount of sesame oil plus two teaspoons of soy sauce along with half a cup of green beans, quarter cup of instance rice (uncooked) and one teaspoon of cornstarch and finally quarter pound of strawberries (fresh.)

A gestational diabetes meal plan, when properly formulated, can help to keep blood sugar levels in an acceptable range. The best person that can help you create a suitable meal plan is of course a dietician or your doctor or any one that educates others on handling diabetes problems.

Post from: CPR First Aid

Follow A Good Gestational Diabetes Menu For Breakfast, Lunch And Dinner

Conditions Of Diabetes

firstaidama — Sat, 05 Sep 2009 20:14:42 +0000

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Diabetes is a very serious condition, one that millions of people all around the world are suffering from right now. Whether you have diabetes or you just know someone that does it is very important that you take the time to learn about diabetes mellitus or whatever other type of diabetes they may have, so that you can be aware of just what a serious condition this is.

The Details Of Diabetes

There are three different types of diabetes that a person can develop. The two main types are type 1 and type 2. Then there is the gestational diabetes which only pregnant women can develop. Not all do, but many pregnant women develop gestational diabetes during their second or third trimester, but typically the condition will be gone after the baby is born.

In a gestational diabetes life of two person is in danger. Doctors need to pay close attention to the woman and her unborn child and make sure that everything is okay and that both are in good health.

Now with the type 1 diabetes, this is an autoimmune disease in which the pancreas in the body produces little or no insulin. This is the most common type of diabetes that people develop, and one of the most serious for sure. Doctors are actually not aware at this point as to what exactly is the initial cause of type 1 diabetes but there are several different risk factors that are taken into consideration such as obesity.

Then there is the type 2 diabetes, which is the form of diabetes that is more closely associated with old age, family history and even a previous history of gestational diabetes.

The treatment of diabetes is different for different type of diabetes. It is important that all diabetics take the signs of diabetes as seriously as they need to be, and make sure that they are working with their doctor so that they can manage their diabetes properly and ensure that they are not going to be putting themselves at any risk.

Diabetes is always a challenging condition to deal with, but one that you can handle and keep under control as long as you watch what you eat and are regularly exercising. By having control on lifestyle one can manage his diabetes properly.

Post from: CPR First Aid

Conditions Of Diabetes

What Is Diabetes?

firstaidama — Thu, 03 Sep 2009 08:39:37 +0000

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The Details Of Diabetes

The situation is more critical when a woman is dealing with gestational diabetes as there are two lives at risk. Doctors need to pay close attention to the woman and her unborn child and make sure that everything is okay and that both are in good health.

Then there is the type 2 diabetes, which is the form of diabetes that is more closely associated with old age, family history and even a previous history of gestational diabetes.

The treatment of diabetes is done according to the type of diabetes. It is important that all diabetics take the signs of diabetes as seriously as they need to be, and make sure that they are working with their doctor so that they can manage their diabetes properly and ensure that they are not going to be putting themselves at any risk.

Diabetes is always a challenging condition to deal with, but one that you can handle and keep under control as long as you watch what you eat and are regularly exercising. It is important to have control on lifestyle to manage diabetes properly.

Post from: CPR First Aid

What Is Diabetes?

Diabetes:what You Should Know

CPR — Wed, 01 Jul 2009 20:07:18 +0000

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This article will explain what you need to know about Diabetes before you or someone you know are unpleasantly surprised.

Diabetes affects around 16 million Americans and about 800,000 new cases are diagnosed each year.

A diagnosis of diabetes is made if your blood glucose reading is 126 mg/dl or higher. People with Type I Diabetes are subject to episodes in which blood glucose levels are very high (hyperglycemia) and very low (hypoglycemia). There are two primary reasons for Diabetes, 1) A prolonged diet high in carbohydrates and 2) Improper and under nourishment. Today, most people with diabetes are only treating the symptoms and not getting to the root of the problem. The prevalence of diabetes has been steadily increasing world over. Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal.

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that is needed to convert sugar and starches into energy needed for daily activity. Type 1 Diabetes is also called Insulin Dependent Diabetes. Insulin is a very important hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy-the energy we need for daily life. Diabetes is a disease that develops over time, and your health care provider can help you find out whether you are likely to become a diabetic. Diabetes does not care who you are, if testing is painful or if you are tired. Type 2 diabetes is sometimes referred to as mature onset diabetes.

Type II diabetes, in the past, was relegated to the adult population. This form of diabetes is mainly found in children. Smoking is another important risk factor. Among men who smoke, the risk of developing diabetes is doubled. Of the many types of Diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational. diabetes and pre-diabetes are the most common. Before the discovery of insulin, type 1 diabetes was fatal. Doing the right things to take care of diabetes can also help to take care of your heart as well. Most Type 2 diabetics don’t have symptoms because the onset. Typically, this type of diabetes will occur during the last three months of the pregnancy , but may potentially occur before that time.

Of the many types of Diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational. Diabetes and pre-diabetes are the most common.

Twenty to fifty percent may develop Type 2 diabetes later in life. Children of mothers with gestational diabetes are more at risk for obesity and developing diabetes as teens or adults. It is quite possible to live and eat quite nicely with diabetes if you stick to your plan. The most important thing about dieting with diabetes is that you never lose sight of how crucial it is to do so. Through losing weight, getting the right amount of exercise and controlling your diet, you can manage. Juvenile Onset diabetes is another major form of diabetes that affects many children. The challenge with pre-diabetes is the fact that the condition doesn’t like to reveal itself with noticeable symptoms.

The experience teaches that a mere elimination of symptoms is short-lived, as the underlying causes will soon give birth to new symptoms. Diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes. One of the main causes is overweight. There are a number of causes which give rise to diabetes.

Recently more children are being diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. The aim with the treatment of both types of Diabetes is to have blood glucose levels, blood pressure and cholesterol levels as near to average as is possible.

You can prevent or at the very least delay onset of type II diabetes with proper nutrition and exercise.

The thought of getting a disease such as diabetes can be worrisome, it helps to be aware of what diabetes symptoms are and be able to recognize them early enough to get the help you will need to get the disease under control.

For people who are heavily dependent on medicines, exercise cannot replace drugs but it does contribute to normalizing the glucose metabolism.

There have been reports of women diabetics who experienced a decline in sexual activities due to the lack of sensation.

And most diabetics develop heart disease. Research has repeatedly shown that regular physical activity helps reduce the likelihood of having a heart attack or a stroke, aids in weight loss, and improves mood.

It is a very serious disorder, sometimes fatal and is the leading cause of death in Western society because of its damage to the cardiovascular system.

With exercise, weight loss and a healthy diet, pre-diabetic people can and have managed to bring down their glucose levels and have escaped the threat of an insulin-dependent life.

The cause of diabetes is somewhat a mystery, although both family history and environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise appear to play roles.

Ketoacidosis is most often seen in Type I diabetics, individuals whose pancreas does not produce enough insulin to allow their cells to take in glucose for metabolism (also the most common form of childhood diabetes).

It should come as no surprise that one of the major causes for the increase in diabetes is due to the obesity problem.

If proper treatment and medication is not administered, at times aggressively, it can lead to fatal complications .

In our days diabetes becomes a big problem even when patients are given insulin and stay on strict diets.

Doctors have always asked themselves why some people develop diabetes and some not, and so, by studying, they have discovered that there are some factors that interfere with the installation of diabetes.

As many studies have shown that an increase in UCP2 function has an important role in pathogenesis of diabetes, this genipin with its inhibitor action on UCP2, represents a solution for improving beta cell function in type 2 diabetes.

Post from: CPR First Aid

Diabetes:what You Should Know

Diabetes a Health Hazard

CPR — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 13:13:34 +0000

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DIABETES

Definition as stated by Dr Miriam Stoppard

Types of diabetes

1- Type 1

2- Type 2

Causes

1- Lifestyle

2- Disorders

3- Gestational diabetes

DIABETES MELLITUS

Long term complication

1-Heart problem

2-Eye

Treatment

1-Insulin Prevention

2- Good lifestyle 1-healthy diet

3- Monitoring blood glucose 2-blood pressure measurement

3- healthy lifestyle

Symptoms

1-excessive urination

2- weakness

3- weight loss

Notes from readings

- pancreas either produces insufficient amounts of insulin or body cells become resistant to the hormone’s effects.

- Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

- Although dietary measures are also important, it must be treated with insulin injections. About 60,000 people in the UK have this type of diabetes.

- The pancreas continues to secrete insulin but cells in the body become resistant to its effects.

- Diabetes mainly affects people over the age of 40 and is more common in overweight people.

- Condition may be treated with dietary measures only.

- Diabetes mellitus can sometimes develop during pregnancy. This is called gestational diabetes and is usually treated with insulin to maintain the health of the mother and baby.

- Type 1 diabetes is usually caused by an abnormal reaction in which the immune system destroys insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas.

- Type 2 diabetes are less well understood, but the genetics and obesity are important factors.

- The symptoms of type 2 may not be obvious or may go unnoticed until a routine medical check-up. The main symptoms of both forms may include:

- Excessive urination

- Thirst and a dry mouth

- Insufficient sleep because of the need to urinate at night.

- Lack of energy

- Blurry vision

- Weight loss

Symptoms of type 2 may go unnoticed until routine medical check up.

The main symptoms of both forms may include:

- excessive urination

- thirst and a dry mouth

- insufficient sleep because of the need to urinate at night.

- Lack of energy

- Blurry vision

- Weight loss

The main symptoms of ketoacidosis include:

- nausea and vomiting, sometimes with abdominal pain.

- Deep breathing.

- Acetone smell to the breath (like pear drops or nail polish remover)

- Confusion.

Living with diabetes:

- A healthy diet

- Drinking and smoking

- Special care for your feet.

- Exercise and sports.

- Strenuous exercise

- Moderate exercise

- Medical check up

- Eye examination

- Blood pressure measurement.

Treatment for:

Type 1

Insulin can be injected into any fatty area, such as upper arm.

Source: Dr Miriam Stoppard , Doling Kindersley Ltd 2002 ‘Family Health Guide’, pages 504 to 507.

“Department of Diabetes, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to:

P Home. Department of Diabetes, The Medical School, University of Newcastle

upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.

philip.home@newcastle.ac.uk

Received: ; revised: December 10, 2002

Diabetes Metab 2003,29,101-9 • © 2003 Masson, all rights reserved 101”

- Diabetes is a growing healthcare challenge worldwide.

-A considerable proportion

of people either have impaired glucose tolerance with a significant

risk of development of diabetes, or have undiagnosed Type 2

diabetes.

-Pivotal to reducing the risk of morbidity and the development

of complications and mortality is the normalisation of both fasting

and postprandial blood glucose levels.

-diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions

worldwide, with between 5 and 10% of the world population

affected.

- People with diabetes have approximately twice

the prevalence of hypertension compared with non-diabetic

patients

-40% of subjects were defined as hypertensive on entry

(receiving antihypertensive treatment or with a mean systolic

blood pressure ? 160 mmHg and/or a mean diastolic blood

pressure ? 90 mmHg)

-People with diabetes are 17 times more prone to kidney disease,

with diabetic nephropathy being the most common

complication [11]. Diabetic nephropathy may eventually

lead to end-stage renal disease and thus significant mortality.

-Approximately 30-40% of people with diabetes develop

retinopathy, and diabetes is the most common cause of blindness

in the working years of life in developed countries

-According to a 1997 estimate [12], 120 million people

have Type 2 diabetes (approximately 2% of the world population)

and an additional 4 million have Type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 85% of all cases of

diabetes in developed countries and almost all cases in developing

countries. It appears to be epidemic (affecting a high

and increasing proportion of the population) in many parts

of the world, and represents a serious and growing global

health challenge primarily as a result of increased obesity,

ageing populations, increasing urbanisation and a more sedentary

lifestyle [34, 35]. However, data from many parts of

the world with high and increasing prevalence (Asia, Latin

America, China) are not broadly based, and so this estimate

is likely to be markedly low.

-Type 1 diabetes

is one of the most common childhood diseases in developed

European countries and the incidence has increased dramatically

in some newly prosperous countries

-The incidence of Type 2 diabetes in particular is expected

to increase considerably as developing countries become

more Westernised in terms of availability of healthcare and

modernisation of existing resources, as well as a result of

substantial improvements in diabetes surveillance and

screening. Growth is projected to be greatest in Asia and

Africa, where diabetes could become 2-3 times more common

than it is today [12]. By 2025, more than 75% of people

with diabetes will be from developing countries, compared

with 62% in 1995

-Type 2 diabetes suggests a need for continuing

attention to control of blood glucose, blood pressure

and blood lipids through medication, diet and exercise.

People with Type 1 diabetes, and increasingly those with

Type 2 diabetes, have the additional burden of subcutaneous

insulin injections, self-monitoring and care of their insulin

supplies and equipment.

Direct Quote

Dr Miriam’s definition of diabetes is:

“the inability of the body to use glucose for energy due to inadequate amounts of or loss of sensitivity to, the hormone insulin.”

Dr Miriam Stoppard. 2002, Family Health Guide, Dorling Kindersley Ltd, England, Page 504

Paraphrase

The body uses glucose as energy in order to perform work and if it fails because of insufficient amount of insulin (which is essential for the absorption of glucose) or because the body cells become more resistant to the hormone’s effect then we end up with the non-healthy state called diabetes.

Summary

Dr Stoppard states that “Glucose from the blood stream is the main source of energy for the body’s cells. Its absorption is enabled by the pancreas, which produces insulin. Among people suffering from diabetes mellitus, a build up of toxic by- products, like acetone with a pear drop smell, in the body occurs. This is caused by the use of other sources of energy than glucose. Hence the unused glucose accumulates in the blood and urine, causing high blood sugar levels. 1 in 10 diabetes depends on self administered injections of insulin and the rest take oral drug and are careful about their diet. These treatments are vital in preventing the symptoms of high blood sugar level like frequent passing of urine, thirst and loss of weight as well as complications leading to peripheral nerve disorders which may affect the eyes, kidneys, the cardiovascular system. The weakening of the immune system may also cause infections like cystitis.”

Dr Miriam Stoppard. 2002, Family Health Guide, Dorling Kindersley Ltd, England, Page 504

Plan

1- Introduction

a- Definition

b- Types of diabetes

c- Brief description of each diabetes

2- Causes

a- Causes of Type 1 diabetes more frequent in children

b- Causes of Type 2 diabetes more frequent in adults

3- Symptoms

a- Both short term and long term consequences in case of non treatment for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

4- Treatment

a- The use of insulin to control diabetes in both Type 1 and Type 2

5- Short Term and Long Term complications.

a- Short term and long term effect in Type 1 diabetes

b- Short term and long term effect in Type 2 diabetes

6- Conclusion

a-healthy diet

b- healthy lifestyle

7- Bibliography

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is developing in epidemic proportions in today’s world with 5 to 10% of the worldwide population affected. This disease is defined by Dr Stoppard, “as the inability of the body to use glucose for energy due to inadequate amounts of or loss of sensitivity to, the hormone insulin”. Which means that the body uses glucose in order to perform work and if it fails because of insufficient amount of insulin or because the body cells become more resistant to the hormone’s effect then we end up with the non-healthy state called diabetes.

There are two types of diabetes:

1- Type 1 which is caused by the abnormal reaction in which the immune system destroys insulin secreting cells in the pancreas. It is more common in childhood.

2- Type 2 which causes are less understood. However, genetics and overweight are important factors.

Causes

Diabetes of Type 1 is usually caused by some viral diseases which affect the immune system of the child, though the genetic factor of one parent suffering from type 1 diabetes may have some effect, however most children who develop type 1 diabetes do not have parents with diabetes. As for Type 2 diabetes it is the increase in food intake which leads to overweight and obesity as well as the living of a sedentary lifestyle and it mostly affects adults.

Symptoms

Both types of diabetes have the same symptoms where there is excessive ********* which account for the thirst and dry mouth but also for the insufficient sleep at night because of the need to go to the toilet. This state is paralleled by the lack of energy; blur vision and quick weight loss, abdominal pain, deep breathing and acetone smell breath may also consist of symptoms of diabetes.

Treatment

While the Type 1 diabetes have to submit themselves to the burden of insulin injection, self monitoring and the care of their insulin supplies and equipments, though the Type 2 diabetes have the need to control their blood glucose, their blood pressure and their blood lipids these may be done through medication, diet and exercise but sometimes in addition the Type 2 diabetes have to make insulin injections as the Type 1’s diabetes with all the inconvenience attached to it. As for treatment by insulin Dr Stoppard states that “Glucose from the blood stream is the main source of energy for the body’s cells. Its absorption is enabled by the pancreas, which produces insulin. Among people suffering from diabetes mellitus, a build up of toxic by-products, like acetone with a pear drop smell, in the body occurs. This is caused by the use of other sources of energy than glucose. Hence the unused glucose accumulates in the blood and urine, causing high blood sugar levels. 1 in 10 diabetes depends on self administered injections of insulin and the rest take oral drug and are careful about their diet. These treatments are vital in preventing the symptoms of high blood sugar level like frequent passing of urine, thirst and loss of weight as well as complications leading to peripheral nerve disorders which may affect the eyes, kidneys, the cardiovascular system. The weakening of the immune system may also cause infections like cystitis.”

Hence, no complete cure of diabetes exist, for it is a chronic disease but it can be controlled so as not to cause more severe damage to the body which is affected by it. For that a healthy diet with special attention to avoid excessive drinking of alcoholic beverages and smoking. Special care should also be taken with the feet and the eyes. Medical check up as well as blood pressure measurement should be regular. While sports should be practiced excessive strenuous exercise should be avoided.

Short Term and Long Term effect

If left unattended the diabetes mellitus may give rise to both short-term and long term complications. In case of Type 1 neglect of treatment may lead to nausea and vomiting accompanied by abdominal pain and deep breathing, while an acetone smell breath is noted. If left untreated the subject quickly enter in a confusion state where dehydration may lead to coma and death. As for the Type 2 diabetes if left untreated as is often the cause long term diseases like cardiovascular diseases occurs which may end up in a stroke. These are consequences of high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol in the blood. There is an increase risk of cataracts in the eyes and symptoms of dizziness upon standing and poor circulation because of nerve damage may lead to ulcers and gangrene.

Conclusion

In conclusion it can be said that the Diabetes mellitus is a disease that compel the one suffering from it to adopt a healthier lifestyle so as to control the devastation that the disease may cause to the body and to avoid the shortening of one’s life.

(810 words)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1- http://www.e2med.com/dm

“Department of Diabetes, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to:

P Home. Department of Diabetes, The Medical School, University of Newcastle

upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.

philip.home@newcastle.ac.uk

Received: ; revised: December 10, 2002

Diabetes Metab 2003,29,101-9 • © 2003 Masson, all rights reserved 101”

2- Dr Miriam Stoppard, 2002, Family Health Guide, Doling Kindersley Ltd, England

Post from: CPR First Aid

Diabetes a Health Hazard